在变幻莫测的时代，企业往往会花费更多的精力管理支出。但最近，许多企业似乎还不吝巨资投入机器学习 (ML) 和人工智能 (AI) 技术。包括软件、硬件和服务在内，全球人工智能市场的年复合年增长率接近 20%，预计到 2024 年将突破 5000 亿美元大关。
The wait for AI ROI
In this edition of Perspectives, Thoughtworks’ experts unpack techniques and practices to help ensure AI is not just capable of delivering return on investment, but also contributes to the organization’s strategy and innovation portfolio.
i. Identifying and acting on AI opportunities
AI has never been more powerful, or more accessible - but that doesn’t mean it’s always the right solution to a business challenge. Understanding the best general use cases for automation, identifying specific processes that are ripe for improvement, and careful planning and testing should all be part of an evaluation that precedes any major AI plunge.
“More often than not, AI is a distinctive tool looking for a problem. People have spent a lot of money trying to do something they thought was the right thing and it didn’t work. That doesn’t necessarily mean the technology is wrong - it might just be that it’s being misused.”
Rebecca Parsons
Chief Technology Officer, Thoughtworks
A convergence of technology forces lays the foundation for AI to shine
ii. From automation to augmentation - and creativity
Automation is the standard goal in AI/ML practice, but is in fact just one aspect of a much broader potential value chain. By graduating from automation to augmentation companies can reap gains that go beyond productivity and efficiency. At its best, AI becomes a tool to help organizations solve complex problems, anticipate and adapt based on real-time data, and even create new products or business lines.
The AI value continuum
iii. Navigating data, human and ethical dimensions
Building a successful AI practice for the long term requires organizations to manage three key challenges:
Data: If data sources are disparate, distorted or simply unavailable, AI systems can generate incomplete or problematic outcomes that spiral into major issues, as machines learn based on previous faulty conclusions. Sometimes the best approach can be to start fresh.
"It can be easier to get started with real-time insights than historical data because the solutions are typically more lightweight. The idea is to try out different things, and see what works and what doesn’t…. to react to fast-developing trends.”
Maria Pusa
Principal Data Science Consultant at Fourkind, part of Thoughtworks
People: AI projects inevitably touch on human roles, and those impacted need a say in how they’re rolled out and a degree of education to secure the necessary organizational buy-in. Broad-based support is vital in AI implementations because organizations are likely to find themselves short of dedicated talent.
Talent shortage weighs on AI adoption
Ethics: Allowing systems to make decisions like who gets access to a product or service, or when an image or interaction presents a possible problem, means these systems may have direct ethical implications. That puts the onus on the business to ensure AI-driven decisions are transparent, traceable, and as free of bias as possible.
“To the fullest extent possible, you want people involved who have different views of the system, and different intersection points with the system or with the data. You want some people who are very familiar with how it’s supposed to work, and you also want people who are familiar with the consequences.”
Rebecca Parsons
Chief Technology Officer, Thoughtworks
From old limitations to new possibilities
AI is a fast-developing field, with unprecedented computing power, tailored algorithms and natural language processing all set to extend the frontiers of what’s possible for businesses. Enterprises can look forward to AI playing a more strategic and creative role as the age of augmentation arrives in earnest. At the same time, there are tasks that no system can take over.
“Reinforcement learning is really underused, but it’s going to be the biggest thing since the AI hype started in two to five years. The idea is that you don’t take all your past data and depend on that, but create an agent that takes actions and learns from the feedback in real time, completely autonomously.”
Jarno Kartela
Principal Machine Learning Partner at Fourkind, part of Thoughtworks
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